ABA (applied behavior analysis) is one of the most common therapies offered to autistic children. Programs vary a lot, so it helps to know what to look for.
What it is
CDC says behavioral approaches focus on changing behaviors by understanding what happens before and after them, and have the most research evidence for treating autism symptoms. ABA is a well-known behavioral treatment, used in many schools and clinics.1 Providers set measurable goals, track progress, and change the plan when needed. Services usually decrease as a person gains skills.
ABA is one option. CDC also describes developmental approaches (speech and language therapy is the most common), educational, social-relational and psychological approaches, and medication for some co-occurring symptoms.1 Many children get a mix.
How it usually starts
- An evaluation or order from a clinician, if your plan needs one.
- An intake and assessment by a behavior analyst (a BCBA), often with you present.
- A written plan with goals you helped choose.
- Regular sessions with a technician (often an RBT) who works under the behavior analyst's supervision.
What a session can look like
Sessions can be in your home, at a clinic, at school or by video, depending on the provider and your child's needs. Younger children often learn through play, with short teaching moments mixed in. Older children and teens may work on daily living, communication and social skills. You should expect to see your child's goals, the data on progress and a parent role in the plan.
Things worth asking about
- How are goals chosen, and can I change them?
- How many hours a week do you recommend, and why?
- How do you involve parents and teach us what you are doing?
- How do you handle a child saying no, or being upset?
- How do you decide when to reduce or end services?
Some autistic adults and families have raised concerns about approaches that focus on making a child look less autistic. A good program focuses on your child's comfort, communication and independence. You are allowed to ask hard questions, and to say no.
1. CDC, Treatment and Intervention for Autism.
This guide is general information, not medical or legal advice. Talk with your child's doctor and your health plan about your situation.
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